Ohalo II, the Upper Paleolithic Site on the Sea of Galilee

Ohalo II is the name of a submerged late Upper Paleolithic (Kebaran) site located on the southwest shore of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) in the Rift Valley of Israel. The site was discovered in 1989 when the level of the lake plummeted. The site is 9 kilometers (5.5 miles) south of the modern city of Tiberias. The site covers an area of 2,000 square meters (about a half an acre), and the remains are of an extremely well-preserved hunter-gatherer-fisher camp. The site is typical of Kebaran sites, containing the floors and wall bases of six oval brush huts, six open-air hearths, and a human grave. The site was occupied during the Last Glacial Maximum and has an occupation date between 18,000-21,000 RCYBP, or between 22,500 and 23,500 cal BP. Animal and Plant Remains Ohalo II is remarkable in that  since it had been submerged, the preservation of organic materials was excellent, providing very rare evidence of food sources for late Upper Paleolithic/Epipaleolithic communities. Animals represented by bones in the faunal assemblage include fish, tortoise, birds, hare, fox, gazelle, and deer. Polished bone points and several enigmatic bone tools were recovered, as were tens of thousands of seeds and fruits representing almost 100 taxa from the living surface. Plants include an assortment of herbs, low shrubs, flowers, and grasses, including wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), mallow (Malva parviflora), groundsel (Senecio glaucus), thistle (Silybum marianum(), Melilotus indicus and a slew of others too numerous to mention here. The flowers at Ohalo II represent the earliest known use of flowers by Anatomically Modern Humans. Some may have been used for medicinal purposes. The edible remains are dominated by seeds from small-grained grasses and wild cereals, although nuts, fruits, and legumes are also present. Ohalos collections include over 100,000 seeds, including the earliest identification of emmer wheats [Triticum dicoccoides or T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (kà ¶rn.) Thell], in the form of several charred seeds. Other plants include wild almond (Amygdalus communis), wild olive (Olea europaea var sylvestris), wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), and wild grape (Vitis vinifera spp sylvestris). Three fragments of twisted and plied fibers were discovered at Ohalo; they are the oldest evidence of string-making discovered yet. Living at Ohalo II The floors of the six brush huts were oval in shape, with an area of between 5-12 square meters (54-130 square feet), and the entrance-way from at least two came from the east. The largest hut was built of tree branches (tamarisk and oak) and covered by grasses. The floors of the huts were shallowly excavated prior to their construction. All of the huts were burned. The working surface of a grinding stone found at the site was covered with barley starch grains, indicating that at least some of the plants were processed for food or medicine. Plants in evidence on the stones surface include wheat, barley, and oats. But the majority of the plants are believed to represent the brush used for housing. Flint, bone and wooden tools, basalt net sinkers, and hundreds of shell beads made from mollusks brought from the Mediterranean Sea were also identified. The single grave at Ohalo II is an adult male, who had a disabled hand and a penetrating wound to his rib cage. A bone tool found near the skull is a piece of gazelle long bone incised with parallel markings. Ohalo II was discovered in 1989 when lake levels dropped. Excavations organized by the Israeli Antiquities Authority have continued at the site when lake levels permit, led by Dani Nadel. Sources Allaby RG, Fuller DQ, and Brown TA. 2008. The genetic expectations of a protracted model for the origins of domesticated crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(37):13982-13986.Kislev ME, Nadel D, and Carmi I. 1992. Epipalaeolithic (19,000 BP) cereal and fruit diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73(1-4):161-166.Nadel D, Grinberg U, Boaretto E, and Werke E. 2006. Wooden objects from Ohalo II (23,000 cal BP), Jordan Valley, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution 50(6):644-662.Nadel D, Piperno DR, Holst I, Snir A, and Weiss E. 2012. New evidence for the processing of wild cereal grains at Ohalo II, a 23 000-year-old campsite on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Antiquity 86(334):990-1003.Rosen AM, and Rivera-Collazo I. 2012. Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(10):3640-3 645.Weiss E, Kislev ME, Simchoni O, Nadel D, and Tschauner H. 2008. Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(8):2400-2414.

Proposal for Starting a Music Program Essay - 616 Words

Purpose of this report is to persuade school of humanities and students activities office to expand music program in Penn State Harrisburg in general both by having broader curriculum in music program and relevant facilities so students can prepare themselves to pursue degree in music in University Park and by expanding musical activities that students can actively participate. The Problem and its Relevance Currently in Penn State Harrisburg, there are all together eight music courses, five of them being music theory and history classes and three of them being guitar lessons, vocal class and campus choir. There is no musical extracurricular activity available for students whose schedule does not allow them to take those courses or†¦show more content†¦The issue of expanding music program by providing more courses and adding relevant facilities should be discussed with School of humanities which is responsible for music programs in Penn State Harrisburg. We can also suggest having more musical extracurricular activities that are funded by Student Activities offices not only for students in music program, but also for students who are willing to continue music aside from their school work. Plan and Schedule Our groups tentative plan and schedule is as follows: Finish according to class syllabus. Qualification Our group offers extensive background in music as well as music education which will greatly complement the research required to execute such a plan. With varied cultural and educational backgrounds our group offers a variety of viewpoints which should prove to be very beneficial considering no one college is all one race or background. Juna has studied music in private school and is actively participating in community music programs and currently taking private voice lessons. ___played violin/bass in high school and leisurely plays guitar and Jae played flute and saxophone in high school. _____has advanced degrees in various kind of music program and will soon pursue Ph.D. in voice training. _______ played both the piano and clarinet off and on for several years. _____now enjoys several musical concerts a year which include jazz, classical,Show MoreRelatedAdmission Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity School of Music. While I have taught at a number of institutions, my position at Georgia State University (GSU) has offered the greatest opportunities for professional growth. Consequently, my discussion of professional activities will focus primarily on the work I have done in connection with GSU starting in 2012. 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Condition of the Business Objections When any of these factors are met, Devotion will open proposals for growth platforms. †¢ Devotion is recognized by the community and/or a threat in the industry. †¢ Devotion has a customer base that regularly buys our products and employs our services. †¢ Devotions needs extra office, storage, floor, packagingRead MoreSocial Technology And The Sociocultural Aspects Of Learning Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent supports for human civilization. Among the early and inexpensive technologies available for developing comprehensive traffic, management proposals are Road capacity, traffic sign (i.e. pavement markings, road sign, etc.), Guard rails, cross marking etc traffic calming, vehicle parking regulations and controls, pedestrian measures, accident reduction programs, Bus priority measures. As technology evolved, application of Intelligent Traffic System (ITS) was introduced. (Olaogbebikan J. E et al. 2013)

Understanding Organisations and the Role of Human Resources

ACTIVITY A – INFORMATION SHEET FOR THE NOKE BY THISTLE HOTEL (742 WORDS) Organisation / Products / Services The Noke by Thistle is a Thistle Hotel, owned by Guoman Hotels, located in Chiswell Green, St. Albans. Situated just off junction 21A of the M25 and junction 6 of the M1, its location is perfect for both travelling business clients and those seeking leisure breaks. The hotel offers a wide range of products and services, spanning from accommodation, breakfast lunch and dinner services, conference rooms and locations for both wedding services and wedding receptions. Couples to be married at the site are allocated a wedding planner to organise and to help manage their perfect day. The Wedding Planner has contacts with†¦show more content†¦Culture Coined as â€Å"the way we do things around here† (Deal and Kennedy, 1983, p. 501), culture encompasses how an organisation is run, its â€Å"personality†, and the norms, values, beliefs and attitudes (Armstrong, 2010) that reflect the organisation’s mission, aims and goals. Four types of culture were identified by Handy (1981) - Power – boss in the centre – source of power. Spider web framework. - Role – each employee has job descriptions. Pyramid framework. - Task – project driven. - Person – individual expertise, for example, doctors. The Noke by Thistle tends to adopt a mix of the power / role culture. Each employee has a role within a department with a job description, specifying requirements, responsibilities and boundaries. (Handy, 1993) The blend comes for example when accommodation deals with businesses are finalised by the General Manager. 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The Copyright Clause Of The State Of Washington Should...

The Supreme Court has tried to explain that the Copyright Clause of the Constitution was intended to establish independent, entrepreneurial, self-sustaining authorship and publishing as the means of serving the public interest in securing the production of valuable literary and scientific works. To that one must ask what are the consequences of remix? When I think about it remixing has left a positive and inferior aspect of life for many people. When people are able to steal or copy the work of an individual without any consequence they are sending a clear message saying that they are free of the law. Therefore, I propose that the copyright office of the state of Washington should change the copyright policy of remixing so that it may benefit more people than just the original artist. What are the common consequences of remixing? According to Jenkins, â€Å"The rise of disco culture in the 70s inspired producers to cut longer ‘extended versions’ of singles so club patrons could weed out the songs they liked for more than the usual three to four minutes†(Jenkins). I believe that if true artists fear that their music may be remixed then they may not do it to their best ability. Now, imitation/remixing in art is not only all right, but it is encouraged, and using someone else’s sound, idea, etc. is considered flattery. According to UC Davis professor of law Thomas W. Joo said, â€Å"Most copyright scholars agree that this power is inimical to semiotic democracy and that reforming

Kraft Food Company Free Essays

Kraft Food Company was founded by James Kraft in 1903. Kraft started off by selling wholesale cheese in Chicago, they later expanded, distributing to over 30 specialty cheeses under the name Kraft and Elkhorn. By 1920 Kraft began to mass produce specialty cheeses which were then exported to Canada and Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Kraft Food Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now They later established plants in England and Germany. James Kraft’s development to new products and the use of innovative advertising methods led Kraft to be an early user of all communications media and as early as 1911 they were advertising on Chicago elevated trains, using outdoor billboards and mailing circulars to retail grocers. Kraft was also the first to use colored advertisement in national magazines. By 1933 Kraft began using radio for advertising as well. Kraft’s innovation is also witnessed by the introduction of products such as; Velveeta in 1928, Miracle Whip salad dressing in 1933, Kraft macaroni and cheese dinner in 1936, Parkay margarine in 1940, sliced processed cheese in 1951, and Cheez Whiz in 1952. Kraft is primarily operated as a subsidiary to other larger corporations, the first being National Dairy Company in 1930. Kraft was later purchased by Philip Morris in 1988 for twelve million, nine hundred thousand dollars. Morris then merged Kraft with General Foods unit in 1989, creating one entity known as Kraft General Foods Inc. , making it the largest food company in the United States and the second largest in the world. Philip Morris then acquired Nabisco in December 2000 and immediately began to integrate it into the operations of Kraft Foods and Kraft Foods International. In 2001 Philip Morris created a new holding company for the combined operations know as Kraft Food Inc.. Kraft Food then had two main units, Kraft Food North America and Kraft Foods International with 2 chief executive officers (CEOs) Betsy D. Holden and Roger K. Deromedi respectively were name co-CEOs of Kraft Foods Inc.. In June of 2001 Philip Morris sold 16. 1 percent stake to the public, making it the second largest initial public offering in United States history. How to cite Kraft Food Company, Essay examples

Nursing Human Behaviour and Health

Question: Describe about the Nursing for Human Behaviour and Health. Answer: Human behavior have a strong influence on their health and identification of this behavioral risk factors is important to determine the risk for developing other chronic diseases or analyze the trend of epidemiology data of particular area. My individual risk behavior that I feel I need to change is my lack of physical activity in my daily life. The essay reflects on my personal risk behavior and describes its influence on health. The potential impact of changes in health status will be explained by using socio-ecological perspective of health and determinants of health model. The essay carries further the discussion by analyzing the actions of Ottawa Charter that target these issues and proposes health promotion strategy in this area. This would be helpful modifying individual risk behavior and adopting health lifestyle. Due to my work responsibilities and my timing of work, I do not get adequate time to engage in any physical activity. I have to spend maximum part of my day in front of my computer for my official duties. I also consume lot of junk foods and do not restrict on oily foods. I think these two habits will pose great risk to my health in future and I want to modify this behavior to lead a healthy life. According to socio-ecological perspective of health, many factors combine to have impact on health of individual or community. A persons social and economic environment (such as their quality of living, housing, education and employment status), physical environment (level of hygiene, safe and clean water) and individual characteristics acts as determinants of health (Viner et al., 2012). In relation to my personal risk behavior of poor physical activity, it can be said that inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for many diseases like cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, pre-diabetes, depression and even some type of cancers. Insufficient physical activity is the leading cause of chronic disease and also contributes to the burden of non-communicable disease worldwide (Lee et al., 2012). Physically inactive people have 30% increased risk of death compared to physically active people. According to WHO report, percentage of physical activity among men and women was found to be more in high income countries compared to low-income countries. Thus, physical activity is inter-related with gross national product. The enabling factors leading to this habit mainly included sedentary behavior at home and office and increase in different modes of transportation (World Health Organization 2016). Urbanization is also a reinforcing factor influencing this behavior and many issues like high incidence of crime, fear of violence, lack of space for recreational activities and high level of pollution have discouraged people from physical activity (Donatiello et al., 2013). According to determinants of health, social factors and individual behaviors contributes to sedentary lifestyle in individuals. In my case, social factors of health have led to this risk behavior. Social determinants like chasing educational and job opportunities, individual attitudes, norms of society, exposure to current technology and more availability of transportation option also leads to inactive lifestyle individuals. Research study (Bherer et al., 2013) has showed that physical activity is essential both for older patients as well as patients with dementia, as it eliminates the negative impact of age on the body. Promoting physical activity in people is approach to prevent age-related disease and neurodegenerative disease. According to Social Cognitive Theory of behavioral change, the relation between people behavior and lack of physical activity can be interpreted. Sedentary life style may be influenced by interaction with behavior, environmental and personal factors. Environmental factors present certain situation to person when they have to forego health priorities and engage in activities that expose them to risk of diseases (Plotnikoff et al., 2013). Work responsibilities may not be the only factor leading to sedentary lifestyle. The motivation level of individual can also act as barrier which prohibits them from performing exercise and other physical activity. Factors like personal self-efficacy, self-motivation, coping skill and self-control interfere in the process of making lifestyle changes. For example a person ability to change behavior is disrupted due to environmental factors and personal factors such as lack of motivation to bring the change. Interventions like maintaining sufficient phy sical activity will be possible only when people raise their self-efficacy and realize the importance of a physically active life for good health. Certain form of social support and modifying societys norm may also be helpful in encouraging behavior change in people (Schwarzer, 2014). Figure 1: Social Cognitive Theory Model. Source: (Young et al., 2014). The Ottawa Charter agreement has proposed series of change to achieve good health for all. They proposed five areas of action in building in adequate public health policy address any health related issue, creating supportive environment for change, enhancing community action to make the change feasible, developing personal skills and most important reorienting health services to promote good health. The basic strategies to promote health promotion activities was to advocate to remove factors that affect health and enable health equity after collaboration with individual, health organization or government (Fry Zask, 2016). There are many health promotion activities which have targeted physically inactive people and taken action to increase physical activity in youths. Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the World Health Federation has taken adequate steps to enable people to live better and longer lives. The recent promotional activities by World Healt h Federation took the initiative to promote physical activity. The idea of the programme was to incorporate physical activity in school lesson for children. In case of office going and other professional audience, the plan was to arrange activities within work setting so that youths engage in physical activities in daily living too (World-heart-federation.org, 2016). This could be done in the form of some competition and sports activity that generates the excitement and lead to participation of higher number of people in active programmes. Another example of such programme in Australia is the VicHealths investment plan for the year 2014 to 2018 to promote longer time of physical activity and walking among Australians. Their objective is to make physical activity a part of daily life routine. To achieve this goal, their plan is to invest in such programs and sport. They had planned various programs that will integrate active living in community. Their four strategic approach is to make flexible changes so that all members get to participate in sports, encourage workplace to reducing the sitting hours among employees, encouraging people to walk to school or office instead of public transport and develop partnership with organization to give connect more people to active recreational activities (Vichealth investment plan (2016). Transtheoretical Model is also helpful in evaluating the factors that lead to lack of physical activity in an individual. I can also use this model to bring positive change in my lifestyle. This theory proposed that change take place when people contemplate any issue, prepare to mitigate this issues, take actions to improve the situation and then maintaining those behavior to achieve complete efficacy in bringing about the change (Prochaska, 2013). An approach to bringing a feasible change can be possible if a person analyze the pros and cons of physical inactivity and compare them with the benefits of leading an active lifestyle. This will help them to take better decision to modify their behavior. In order to modify my lifestyle and reduce risk of chronic disease in future life, the plan is to first assess my current behavior. This can be analyzed by the use of Transtheoretical models of change. The first step to bringing a change is to be aware that how much impact physical inactivity can have on health. After assessing different research article on risk of physical activity, I found that it exposed a person to risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, risk of breast cancer, presence of psychological morbidities and many others. For example, a research study investigating the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease showed that increasing the time of physical activity during leisure and moderate level of physical activity in work was beneficial in reducing the risk coronary heart disease and stroke among men and women (Li Siegrist, 2012). After the pre-contemplation and contemplation stage is over, I can move to preparation stage with much greater motivation when I am aware that physical inactivity will harm me in the future. I can do this by raising consciousness within me to engage in short break in office hours to reduce my sitting hours. I will also encourage family members to remind me of some period of daily physical activity. My aim will be to engage in at least one hour of physical activity in different forms like exercise, walking or sport activity. From the above reflection on my personal risk behaviors of physical inactivity in my life, the essay gives an idea of the implication of physical inactivity on health and how it increases risk of chronic disease in community. The essay gave discussion on the current trend that lead to inactive lifestyle in individual and what enabling factors in society contribute to this trend. Use of sociological perspective and behavior change theory helped in getting idea of variable that influences physical inactivity. Finally, example on health promotion program implemented according to action areas of Ottawa Charter and use of behavioral change theory framework helped in describing how I can modify my health risk behavior in the future. Reference Bherer, L., Erickson, K. I., Liu-Ambrose, T. (2013). A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults.Journal of aging research,2013. Donatiello, E., Russo, M. D., Formisano, A., Lauria, F., Nappo, A., Reineke, A., ... Siani, A. (2013). Physical activity, adiposity and urbanization level in children: results for the Italian cohort of the IDEFICS study.Public Health,127(8), 761-765. Fry, D., Zask, A. (2016). Applying the Ottawa Charter to inform health promotion programme design.Health promotion international, daw022. Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy.The lancet,380(9838), 219-229. Li, J., Siegrist, J. (2012). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular diseasea meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.International journal of environmental research and public health,9(2), 391-407. Plotnikoff, R. C., Costigan, S. A., Karunamuni, N., Lubans, D. R. (2013). Social cognitive theories used to explain physical activity behavior in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine,56(5), 245-253. Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. InEncyclopedia of behavioral medicine(pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York. Schwarzer, R. (2014).Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Taylor Francis. Vichealth investment plan (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/media-and-resources/publications/physical-activity-investment-plan [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016]. Viner, R. M., Ozer, E. M., Denny, S., Marmot, M., Resnick, M., Fatusi, A., Currie, C. (2012). Adolescence and the social determinants of health.The Lancet,379(9826), 1641-1652. World Health Organization. (2016).Physical activity. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016]. World-heart-federation.org. (2016).3. Evaluation | World Heart Federation. [online] Available at: https://www.world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/archives/kids-on-the-move-toolkit/3-evaluation/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016]. Young, M. D., Plotnikoff, R. C., Collins, C. E., Callister, R., Morgan, P. J. (2014). Social cognitive theory and physical activity: a systematic review and meta?analysis.Obesity Reviews,15(12), 983-995.

Statistics Marketing and Promotional Events

Question: Discuss about the Statistics Marketing and Promotional Events. Answer: Introduction: The word of mouth marketing is very popular form of marketing and promotional events nowadays. The words of mouth marketing refers to the way by which information passes from one person to another through simple conversation (Yeoh, Othman and Ahmad 2013). This is a very popular form of marketing that are used nowadays. In the 20th century, different social media sites like Facebook, Youtube uses this technique for advertising and marketing of the product (Groeger and Buttle 2014). The word of mouth marketing has become even more popular due to the increasing use of internet for research and marketing of products (Groeger and Buttle 2014). In this assignment, the growth of the words of mouth marketing in the current years is being studied. A detailed description about the methods of data collection is given in the assignment. The analysis of the data and the interpretation of the results of the analysis is also given in the assignment. The assignment will help the people and concerned authority of the country Australia to have a deeper look into the growing trends of word of mouth marketing and take necessary steps to improve the process. Problem statement The problem statement in this research work is to understand the growing trends of words of mouth marketing and analyze the factors that affects the form of the marketing. Research question The research questions in this problem are: What is the rate of growth of words of mouth marketing? What are the different methods of words of mouth marketing? Which method is most popular for word of mouth marketing? Does the use of internet have improved words of mouth marketing? What is the effect of social media in this form of marketing? Variables and Hypothesis The variables involved in doing the research work are use of internets, blogs for words of mouth marketing, expenditure of the company in this process of marketing. The expenditure of the companies on word of mouth marketing will depend on the popularity of the marketing process. The popularity of the marketing is measured with the help of customers use of reviews in the internet and other blogs for this marketing process. Therefore, the expenditure will be the dependent variable in the research study and the other factors the independent factors. The hypotheses involved in this research are stated as below: H0: The words of mouth marketing has not shown any change in its development. H1: The words of mouth marketing has shown significant development in the recent period. Literature review: Words of mouth marketing is one of the earliest and traditional forms of marketing used for many years. The words of mouth marketing involves passing information from one person to another. There are different methods of words of mouth marketing process used in the early period like storytelling, oral history and others. In the present days, internet and telephones are used for this form of marketing (Yeoh, Othman and Ahmad 2013). According to a recent study by Journal of Advertising research, 75% of the conversations happen through direct interaction, 15% through telephone and the remaining 10% through internet (Abendroth and Heyman 2013). The word of mouth marketing started during 1970 when a psychologist named George Silverman created a group of physicians to promote pharmaceutical products. There are three methods of this marketing process. The first method is where there is no influence of the company in the process of marketing. In the second method, the company uses influential customers to create a positive impact on other customers. In the third method, the company creates awareness among the customers through direct interaction (Sweeney, Soutar and Mazzarol 2014). The word of mouth marketing depends on various factors. The most important factor is the consumer satisfaction. It is a tendency of the people to try a product by relying on the comments given by the friends relatives rather than by any other people (Keller and Fay 2016). A survey conducted by Nielsen suggests that 84% of the people like to buy products by relying on the comments made by friends and relatives. The word of mouth marketing has a great impact on online shopping. In the online shopping sites like Amazon, Alibaba reviews are given by the customers about the products. The sales of the products depend on these reviews. The Nielsen survey states that 64% of the customers like to buy products based on the comments made by the other consumers. The B2B companies have improved their business through words of mouth marketing. The companies like Airbnb, Uber has improved their business mainly by this marketing process. The consumers of IT products are also influenced by word of mouth marketing (King, Racherla and Bush 2014). A study suggests that more than 90% of the B2B customers get information from word of mouth marketing. The social media sites like Facebook have an impact on words of mouth marketing. There are facebook pages of the products of the company where the customers can comment about the products. The feedback given by the customers attracts more people to buy the product (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014). The word of mouth marketing also has some bad effects. The word of mouth marketing totally depends on the views of the customers. The customer dissatisfaction can affect the marketing of the products. Therefore, it is always advisable for the company to maintain a good quality of the product (Yeoh, Othman and Ahmad 2013). Methodology: The methodology involved in this research work involves three steps: data collection, data analysis and interpretation results of data analysis. Data collection: The data collected for this research work is mainly of primary type. The data is collected with the help of research questionnaire. The questionnaire contains questions about the different methods of words of mouth marketing, popularity of words of marketing, consumers attitude towards the different methods of the marketing and others. In order to know about the popularity of words of mouth marketing, the survey has to be conducted by taking into consideration the whole country. The entire country is divided into some clusters according to region and data has been collected from the people of those regions. The secondary data about the expenditure of different companies on the marketing process are obtainable from the company websites and other sites. Data analysis: The analysis of the data is carried out with the help of different statistical tools. Various methods of central tendency like mean, median, mode can be calculated. A time series analysis between the previous and past year values of expenditure of the company in word of mouth marketing can be done to understand the growth of this particular marketing form. A regression analysis study can also be done to understand the dependence of the variables like use of internet, social media and reviews on online sites for word of mouth marketing. Conclusion: The assignment aims to study the importance of words of mouth marketing in the present days. The use of internet and social media for this marketing is studied in this assignment. The data collected from different people is analyzed by various statistical techniques to understand the present trend of words of mouth marketing. A regression study is also conducted in this assignment to know about the usage of internet for word of mouth marketing. This assignment will help the companies and other concerned authorities to take a deeper look into the growing trends of word of mouth marketing and adopt this process for their promotional events. Reference: Abendroth, L.J. and Heyman, J.E., 2013. Honesty is the best policy: The effects of disclosure in word-of-mouth marketing.Journal of Marketing Communications,19(4), pp.245-257. Groeger, L. and Buttle, F., 2014. Word-of-mouth marketing influence on offline and online communications: Evidence from case study research.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), pp.21-41. Groeger, L. and Buttle, F., 2014. Word-of-mouth marketing: Towards an improved understanding of multi-generational campaign reach.European Journal of Marketing,48(7/8), pp.1186-1208. Keller, E. and Fay, B., 2016. How to use influencers to drive a word-of-mouth strategy. King, R.A., Racherla, P. and Bush, V.D., 2014. What we know and don't know about online word-of-mouth: A review and synthesis of the literature.Journal of Interactive Marketing,28(3), pp.167-183. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. and Carley, K.M., 2014. Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), pp.117-128. Samu-Visser, S., 2015. Word of Mouth.Word Hoard Issue 4 Complete, p.119. Sweeney, J., Soutar, G. and Mazzarol, T., 2014. Factors enhancing word-of-mouth influence: positive and negative service-related messages.European Journal of Marketing,48(1/2), pp.336-359. Yeoh, E., Othman, K. and Ahmad, H., 2013. Understanding medical tourists: Word-of-mouth and viral marketing as potent marketing tools.Tourism Management,34, pp.196-201. Yeoh, E., Othman, K. and Ahmad, H., 2013. Understanding medical tourists: Word-of-mouth and viral marketing as potent marketing tools.Tourism Management,34, pp.196-201.